How do we differentiate one from the other? That’s no simple task. But we aren’t discussing simple matters, are we? -_-‘
Firstly, we could consider the intent. What is the purpose behind the discourse or behavior? Is it constructive and selfless, or divisive and selfish? This should provide us with a clue.
Taking it a step further involves analyzing the presentation of the discourse. Is it calm and objective, or aggressive and unclear? Additional details here.
One might argue that the author is pretending or outright lying. This introduces another dimension to consider: how trustworthy are they?
Oh, I almost forgot: context is crucial. What is happening around the author; are they scared? Sometimes, what seems like arrogance is merely a defensive maneuver. Unlike hubris, wisdom is never just a facade.